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Missing numbers

Finding the missing number in an adding or taking-away sentence, like 7 − ? = 5 or 9 + ? = 10. Stories hide the change or the start, too.

Make a sheetDownload PDFThe PDF has this sheet, its answer key and a guide for grown-ups.

How to help

Read it as a question: 7 − ? = 5 asks what you take from 7 to leave 5. Try a number in the blank and check that the sentence is true.

Watch for: Combining the numbers shown instead: writing 12 in 7 − ? = 5. Adding when the sentence takes away. Not checking the sentence with the number filled in.

At home: Put 9 crackers out and hide some. Say “9 take away some leaves 6. How many did I hide?” Then lift the napkin to check.

Sample sheet and answer key

Freddie's Frog Pond

Grade 1 · Missing numbers · 1.OA.D.8

NameDate

Freddie the frog lives in a busy pond full of bugs, lily pads and friends. Solve each problem to help Freddie out!

Warm-up: make ten

What goes with each number to make 10?

9 += 105 += 103 += 106 += 10

Find the missing number

What number makes each one true?

− 3 = 6+ 12 = 155 −= 311 −= 114 += 16− 9 = 1− 4 = 2+ 1 = 5+ 7 = 8

Story time

Something is missing in each story.

  1. 1

    Toby has 9 pebbles. Fern gives Toby some more. Now Toby has 14. How many pebbles did Fern give?

    pebbles
  2. 2

    Freddie had some flies. Fern gave Freddie 12 more. Now Freddie has 18. How many flies did Freddie have at first?

    flies
Mathness! Math Worksheets · © 2026 Zubin KhavarianCode 1OAD8-PO-FIRST at mathness.app
Sheet

Freddie's Frog Pond

Grade 1 · Missing numbers · 1.OA.D.8

Answer key

Freddie the frog lives in a busy pond full of bugs, lily pads and friends. Solve each problem to help Freddie out!

Warm-up: make ten

What goes with each number to make 10?

9 +1= 105 +5= 103 +7= 106 +4= 10

Find the missing number

What number makes each one true?

9− 3 = 63+ 12 = 155 −2= 311 −10= 114 +2= 1610− 9 = 16− 4 = 24+ 1 = 51+ 7 = 8

Story time

Something is missing in each story.

  1. 1

    Toby has 9 pebbles. Fern gives Toby some more. Now Toby has 14. How many pebbles did Fern give?

    9 + 5 = 14
    5pebbles
  2. 2

    Freddie had some flies. Fern gave Freddie 12 more. Now Freddie has 18. How many flies did Freddie have at first?

    18 − 12 = 6
    6flies
Mathness! Math Worksheets · © 2026 Zubin KhavarianCode 1OAD8-PO-FIRST at mathness.appAnswer key
Answer key

New problems every time, three levels (gentle, core and stretch), themes to pick from, a second page if you want one. Each sheet comes with an answer key and a one-page guide for grown-ups.

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Standard

Common Core 1.OA.D.8 · Find the missing number in an addition or subtraction equation.

Also: Maryland 2025 1.AT.A.3 · Texas TEKS 1.5F · Florida B.E.S.T. MA.1.AR.2.3 · Virginia SOL 1.CE.1

Drill sheets for more practice

More grade 1 sheets: operations & algebraic thinking